Top 10k strings from Statistische Analyse (19xx)(-).tzx in <root> / bin / z80 / software / Sinclair Spectrum Collection TOSEC.exe / Sinclair ZX Spectrum - Utilities & Educational / Sinclair ZX Spectrum - Utilities & Educational - [TZX] (TOSEC-v2007-01-01) /
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3 "n:";n;" ";"x:";X(n),"y:";Y(n)
2 R9=R9+.000001
2 ;"this may take some time!"
2 ;"______________________"'':
2 ;"____________________"'':
2 ;"_________________"''
2 ;"______"'':
2 ;"Please wait."''
2 ;"PLEASE WAIT."'':
2 ;"F-TEST:";
2 ;" __":
2 /(u2*A))*(t3+t4-(t1^2
2 "Nearly finished."
1 v2=s4/q*100
1 v1=s3/p*100
1 t5=t5+X(h)*Y(h)
1 t4=t4+Y(h)^2
1 t3=t3+X(h)^2
1 t2=t2+Y(h):
1 t1=t1+X(h):
1 scaley=scaley+1
1 scalex=scalex+1
1 s2=s2+(Y(i)-q)*(Y(i)-q)
1 s1=s1+(X(i)-p)*(X(i)-p):
1 miny=miny+divy
1 miny=C(A):
1 minx=minx+divx
1 minx=B(A):
1 highy=highy-18
1 highx=highx-18
1 divy=(maxy-miny)/15
1 divx=(maxx-minx)/15
1 U=(t5-(t1*t2/(h-1
1 Statistik F[
1 S(B)=S(B)+P9:
1 R9=miny+divy
1 R9=minx+divx
1 R(B)=R(B)+P9:
1 M2=(C(w)+C(v))/2
1 M1=(B(w)+B(v))/2
1 M(K)=M(K+1
1 M(B)=M(B)+P9
1 L(K)=L(K+1
1 L(B)=L(B)+P9
1 D=(t5-(t1*t2/(h-1
1 C(ll)=C(ii):
1 B(ll)=B(ii):
1 ;''"THE GRAPH ROUTINE WILL ALLOW YOUTO NAME THE TWO AXES, AND SPECIFY THEIR MAXIMUM LENGHTS. THUS THE ROUTINE IS VERY USEFULFOR VISUALISING THE ACTUAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TWO SETS OF DATA. IT CAN BE COPIED TO THE PRINTER BY PRESSING 'c'."
1 ;"n:";n;" ";"x:";X(n),"y:";Y(n)
1 ;"_____________________________"''
1 ;"__________________________"''
1 ;"_______________________"'':
1 ;"_______________________"''
1 ;"___________________"'':
1 ;"__________________":
1 ;"________________"''
1 ;"_______________"'':
1 ;"______________"'':
1 ;"____________"'':
1 ;"__________"'':
1 ;"__________"''
1 ;"_________"'':
1 ;"________"'':
1 ;"Would you like a bar chart of the x or y data? Type in x or y or press ENTER to return:"'':
1 ;"WOULD YOU LIKE TO ALTER ANY FURTHER DATA? (y/n):":
1 ;"WOULD YOU LIKE TO ALTER ANY DATA? (y/n):":
1 ;"WOULD YOU LIKE INSTRUCTIONS? (y/n):":
1 ;"WHICH TYPE OF ANALYSIS WOULD YOU LIKE?"'
1 ;"The Value of t=";T''
1 ;"TYPE IN YOUR X AND Y VALUES (ENTER EACH ONE):"''
1 ;"TYPE IN '6' FOR A LINE GRAPH":
1 ;"TYPE IN '4' FOR REGRESSION AND CORRELATION":
1 ;"TYPE IN '1' FOR MEAN,SD,CV(%), SEM & F-TEST:":
1 ;"TYPE IN '0' TO EXIT:"
1 ;"THIS WILL BE STORED IN TWO SEPERATE ARRAYS, ONE FOR PRINTING AND ANALYSIS, THE OTHERFOR RANKING (USED IN MEDIANS). YOU WILL THEN BE ABLE TO ALTER ANY OF THE DATA THAT MAY HAVE BEEN ENTERED INCORRECTLY. THE STATISTICAL TESTS ARE THEN PERFORMED AND A MENU OF CHOICES PRINTED."
1 ;"THIS VALUE IS BOTH POSITIVE (+) AND NEGATIVE (-). AT THE 95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT LEVEL 95.4% OF ALL VALUES SHOULD LIE WITHIN +2 OR -2 SD FROM THE MEAN. SO ANY VALUE OUTSIDE THESE LIMITS MUST BE CONSIDERED STATISTICALLY DIFFERENT FROM THE MEAN OF NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED DATA."
1 ;"THIS USES THE P VALUE (WHICH MAYBE EXPRESSED AS A %) TO SEE IF THERE IS ANY STATISTICAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO SETS OF DATA FOR EXAMPLE P
1 ;"THIS ROUTINE ALLOWS YOU TO CHOOSE A BAR CHART OF x or y VALUES. AGAIN IT IS LIMITED BY THE SCREEN SIZE OF THE SPECTRUM THE VALUES ARE SORTED INTO 15 DOUBLE-WIDTH COLUMNS BY A DIVISION FACTOR CALCULATED FROM "
1 ;"THIS PROGRAM ALLOWS YOU TO INPUTTWO SETS OF DATA OF ANY LENGTH FOR A 48K SPECTRUM. THE PROGRAM CAN BE MODIFIED TO RUN ON A 16K SPECTRUM IF ALL NON-ESSENTIAL LINES, REM STATEMENTS AND INSTRUCTIONS ARE LEFT OUT OF THELISTING. NOTE: BOTH SETS OF DATAMUST BE OF EQAL LENGT, THE TOTALNUMBER OF DATA PAIRS BEING ENTERED AS n"
1 ;"THIS IS THE MOST COMMONLY OCCURING VALUE IN ANY SET OF DATA. IN THIS PROGRAM IT CAN EASILY BE SEEN IN THE LIST OF RANKED DATA. IN NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED DATA THE MODE, MEAN AND MEDIAN WOULD ALL BE (APPROXIMATELY) EQUAL. ANY LEFT OR RIGHT SKEW IN THE DATA WOULD MAKE THEM SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM EACH OTHER."
1 ;"THIS IS LIMITED BY THE SCREEN SIZE FOR THE SPECTRUM. IT WILL ONLY ALLOW (x,y)<(26,20) TO BE PRINTED, OR MEANS<11. IT ALSO ASSUMES POSITIVE LINEAR CORRELATION BETWEEN x & y WHEN IT DEAWS A LINE THROUGH THE POINTS. HOWEVER AS MENTIONED "
1 ;"THIS IS ANOTHER EXPRESSION OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE TWO SETS OF DATA. COMPLETE CORRELATION WILL GIVE AN r VALUEOF +1 OR -1 DEPENDING ON THE SLOPE OF THE LINE. IF THE DATA IS TOTALLY UNCORRELATED THEN r WILL BE 0. CORRELATION AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS ARE USUALLY USED IN CONJUNCTION AND ARE OFTERN DISPLAYED ON THE GRAPHS OF DATA."
1 ;"THIS IS AN ESTIMATE OF THE ASSOCIATION OF THE x DATA WITH THE y DATA. LINEAR REGRESSION ISUSED, WHERE IF THE ASSOCIATION IS A STRAIGHT LINE THEN IT WILLHAVE THE FORMULAE y=b*x+c WHERE c=INTERCEPT ON THE y-AXIS AND b=REGRESSION COEFFICIENT (GRADIENT). IF THE ASSOCIATION "
1 ;"THIS IS AN ESTIMATE OF HOW CLOSETHE MEAN OF YOUR SAMPLE IS TO THE MEAN OF THE POPULATION FROM WHICH IT WAS TAKEN. HENCE THIS VALUE MAY NOT BE RELEVANT FOR ALL SETS OF DATA. THE CALCULATION IS SEM=SD/SQR(n)SO AS SAMPLE SIZE INCREASES, THE SEM SHOULD DECREASE AS IT APPROACHES THE 'TRUE' MEAN OF THE POPULATION. (WHERE SEM=0)"
1 ;"THIS IS A TEST SOMETIMES USED TOCOMPARE THE PRECISIONS OF TWO SETS OF DATA. THE F VALUE IS CALCULATED FROM THE VARIANCE RATIO (VARIANCE=SD SQUARED) BY: F=(LARGER VARIANCE)/(SMALLER VARIANCE). THIS VALUE IS THE LOOKED UP IN F-TABLES FOR TWO DF(DEGREES OF FREEDOM) VALUES (IN THIS CASE BOTH VALUES ARE EQUAL AND ONLY ONE IS PRINTED). FROM THE TABLES A PROBABILITY VALUE (P) IS FOUND AND THIS CAN BE USED IN ASSESSING THE SIGNIFICANCE (IF ANY) BETWEEN THE TWO PRECISIONS. SEE ALSO THENOTES ON THE t-TEST."
1 ;"THIS IS A PERCENTAGE (%) VALUE OFTERN USED TO EXPRESS THE PRECISION OF THE DATA. IT RELATES BOTH THE SD AND MEAN BY: CV=SD/MEAN*100%. A LOW CV INDICATES GOOD PRECISION, AND A HIGH VALUE INDICATES POOR PRECISION."
1 ;"THIS GIVES YOU THE MEANS (AVERAGES) OF THE TWO SETS OF DATA. IT ALSO GIVES YOU SOME MEASURES OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF VALUES ABOUT THE MEANS.":
1 ;"THIS COULD BE AVOIDED IF NECESSARY BY THE DELETION OF THERELEVANT LINES. IF A GRAPH OF HIGH DATA IS NEEDED, YOU WOULD HAVE TO RE-ENTER THE VALUES AFTER DIVISION BY A SUITABLE FACTOR TO DECREASE THEIR SIZE."
1 ;"THESE CHOICES GIVE VARIOUS CALCULATIONS ON THE DATA WHICH WOULD BE VERY TIME CONSUMING TO DO MANUALLY. THEY ARE REGRESION,CORRELATION AND t-TEST."
1 ;"THESE ARE A) STANDARD DEVIATION:":
1 ;"THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF t-TEST ANALYSIS. THE ONE USED HERE IS FOR TWO SAMPLES OF EQUAL LENGTH.THE TEST IS USED TO DETERMINE WHETHER THERE IS ANY SIGNIFICANTDIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO SETS OF DATA. THE t VALUE IS CALCULATED ALONG WITH THE "
1 ;"THE THIRD CHOICE (AND FINAL PARTOF DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS) WILL USE A SORTING ROUTINE TO RANK THE SPARE ARRAY DATA INTO DESCENDING ORDER (THIS MAY TAKE SOME TIME AS IT IS IN BASIC AND NOT MACHINE CODE!). ONCE THE DATA HAS BEEN RANKED IT WILL BE LISTED AND THE MAXIMUM, MINIMUM AND MEDIAN VALUES FOR x & y WILLBE DISPLAYED. THE MEDIAN IS A VALUE WHICH DIVIDES THE NUMBER OF DESERVATIONS INTO TWO EQUAL "
1 ;"THE SECOND CHOICE ON THE MENU ALLOWS YOU TO LIST THE DATA. THIS CAN BE COPIED BY PRESSING 'c' INSTEAD OF ENTER, SO ANY TIME A HARD COPY OF THE INSTRUCTIONS OR THE ANALYSIS IS REQUIRED JUST PRESS 'c'."
1 ;"THE RAW DATA:";
1 ;"THE MODE:";
1 ;"THE MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM DATA VALUES. THUS YOU MUST GO THROUGHCHOICE NUMBER 3 (MEDIANS) BEFOREUSING THE BAR CHART. THE DATA ISSORTED INTO AN ARRAY ACCORDING TO ITS PARTICULAR VALUE. IF THE COLUMN BECOMES TOO LARGE (>17) THEN THE COMPUTER WILL SCALE DOWN ALL THE VALUES AS REQUIRED.THE USE OF THIS IS THAT IT WILL SHOW YOU IF THE DATA IS NORMALLYDISTRIBUTED THIS IS REQUIRED BY MANY STATS TESTS."
1 ;"THE LINE GRAPH:";
1 ;"THE COMPUTER IS RANKING THE DATA"
1 ;"THE COMPUTER IS CALCULATING THE STATISTICAL VALUES."''
1 ;"STATISTISCHE ANALYSE"
1 ;"STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:";
1 ;"STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA.";
1 ;"SIGNIFICANCE TESTING:";
1 ;"REGRESSION AND CORRELATION:";
1 ;"REGRESSION ANALYSIS:";
1 ;"RANKED DATAS:";
1 ;"PRINT DATA:";
1 ;"POSITIVELY CORRELATED DATA, IF THE DATA IS NEGATIVELY CORRELATED THE LINE WILL RUN OFFTHE SCREEN. THIS CAN BE AVOIDED IF PROGRAM LINES 1750 & 1760 AREDELETED. SEE ALSO GRAPH INSTRUCTIONS."
1 ;"O.K. Bye!":
1 ;"NOTE: IF YOU MAKE A MISTAKE WRITE IT DOWN AND YOU WILL BE ABLE TO ALTER IT LATER."
1 ;"NOTE: IF THE t VALUE EXCEEDS THETABULATED VALUES THEN THE DIFFERENCE IS SIGNIFICANT (ie: NOT LIKELY TO BE DUE TO CHANCE ALONE.)"
1 ;"NEW DATA VALUES:";
1 ;"Mean values are too karge":
1 ;"MIN, MAX, MEDIANS:";
1 ;"MEDIANS & DATA SORTING:";
1 ;"Look up your t value in t-tablesfor the above DF, and find the probability value (P) for significance testing."''
1 ;"INSTRUCTIONS ON STATISTICS:";
1 ;"Have you been via the medians routine? (y/n) This is because the maximum and minimum values are needed for the barchart."'':
1 ;"Have you been via 3) medians routine? (y/n):":
1 ;"HERE b IS CALCULATED AND USED TOFIND THE VALUE OF c (BY c=C-b*B)THE LINE IS THEN DRAWN FROM c THROUGH (B,C) TO THE UPPER LIMITS OF THE DATA. THIS LINE DRAWING METHOD IS THE ONE USED ON THE PLOT A GRAPH CHOICE. NOTE: THE LINE ONLY WORKS FOR "
1 ;"For DF=",u2''
1 ;"FOR y=b*x+c"'':
1 ;"Data is too large":
1 ;"DESCRIPTIVE STATISTIKS:";
1 ;"DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS:";
1 ;"DEGREES OF FREEDOM (DF) FOR THE DATA. FROM THESE, STUDENT'S t-TABLES CAN BE USED TO FIND THEPROBABILITY VALUE (P) FOR SIGNIFICANCE TESTING"
1 ;"CORRELATION COEFFICIENT:";
1 ;"COR. COEFF', r=";U''
1 ;"CHANGE AN x VALUE:";
1 ;"CHANGE A y VALUE:";
1 ;"C) STANDARD ERROR OF THE MEAN (SEM):";
1 ;"C) GRAPHS:";
1 ;"Bar chart.";
1 ;"BAR CHART.";
1 ;"B) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:";
1 ;"B) COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION (CV)";
1 ;"A line graph of x,y:";
1 ;"A bar chart of y.";
1 ;"A bar chart of x.";
1 ;"A TEST TO COMPARE THE PRECISION OF X WITH THAT OF Y.":
1 ;"2-Sample t-Test:";
1 ;"2-SAMPLE t-TEST:";
1 ;" _____________________________"'':
1 ;" __________________________"'':
1 ;" "'':
1 ;" ___"''
1 ;" "'':
1 ;" "''
1 ;" "''
1 ;" "''
1 ;" "'':
1 ;" "'':
1 ;" "''
1 0.001 (OR .1%) MEANS THAT THE DATA ARE STATISTICALLY THE SAME. "
1 /(t3-(t1^2
1 )))*(t4-(t2^2
1 (S(B)/scaley+.5
1 (R(B)/scalex+.5
1 ((t3-(t1^2
1 '"A) DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS:";
1 "r=0 this indicates that x and y are totally uncorrelated."
1 "n=";A,"","(B,C)=";"(";p;",";q;")"'':
1 "n:";l;" ";"x:";B(l),"y:";C(l)
1 "correlation coefficient (r)<.75 indicating a strong positive relationship between x and y."
1 "b=";D,"","c=";E'':
1 "b AND r ARE >.75 INDICATING A STRONG POSITIVE LINEAR CORRELATION BETWEEN X AND Y."''
1 "b AND r ARE <.-75 INDICATING A STRONG NEGATIVE LINEAR CORRELATION BETWEEN X AND Y."''
1 "Would you like to run the program again? (y/n):":
1 "WOULD YOU LIKE TO CHANGE x OR y VALUES? (x/y):":
1 "Type in the name of the y-axis":
1 "Type in the name of the x-axis":
1 "TYPE IN YOUR TOTAL NUMBER OF DATA PAIRS (n):":
1 "TYPE IN '7' FOR A BAR CHART"'':
1 "TYPE IN '5' FOR 2-SAMPLE t-TEST"''
1 "TYPE IN '3' FOR MIN,MAX & MEDIAN"''
1 "TYPE IN '2' TO PRINT THE DATA":
1 "THIS VALUE CAN BE LOOKED UP IN F-TABLES TO FIND A PROBABILITY (P) VALUE FOR SIGNIFICANCE TESTING."
1 "THE F VALUE=";H3:
1 "SD of y=";s4:
1 "S.E.M for y=";s6''
1 "S.E.M for x=";s5''
1 "S.D of x=";s3:
1 "PRESS r TO READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS AGAIN, c TO COPY, AND 'ENTER' TO RETURN TO THE MAIN PROGRAM:":
1 "PRESS ENTER TO CONTINUE:";W$
1 "PARTS. IN NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED DATA IT WOULD BE EQUAL, OR VERY CLOSE TO THE MEAN VALUE. THUS DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE MEAN ANDMEDIAN SHOWS LEFT OR RIGHT SKEW IN THE DATA."
1 "N=";A,"","(B,C)=";"(";p;",";q;")":
1 "MINIMUM VALUE OF y is ";C(A):
1 "MINIMUM VALUE OF x is ";B(A):
1 "MEDIAN OF y=";M2:
1 "MEDIAN OF x=";M1:
1 "MEDIAN OF Y APPROX' EQUAL TO MEAN OF Y INDICATING NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED Y DATA."''
1 "MEDIAN OF X APPROX' EQUAL TO MEAN OF X INDICATING NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED X DATA."''
1 "MAXIMUM VALUE OF y is ";C(1
1 "MAXIMUM VALUE OF x is ";B(1
1 "Input the name of the vertical (y) axis:":
1 "Input the name of the vertical (y) axic:":
1 "Input the name of the horizontal(x) axis:":
1 "Input the name of the horizontal (x) axis:":
1 "IS TOTALLY LINEAR THEN b WILL BE+1 OR -1 DEPENDING ON THE SLOPE OF THE LINE. STATISTICALLY REGRESSION IS USED TO DRAW A BEST-FIT LINE THROUGH SPREAD-OUTDATA."
1 "INUT THE DATA ROW NUMBER FOR THE CHANGE (n):":
1 "INPUT THE y VALUE YOU WANT FOR THIS ROW (y):":
1 "INPUT THE x VALUE YOU WANT FOR THIS ROW (x):":
1 "INPUT THE DATA ROW NUMBER FOR THE CHANGE (n):":
1 "FOR DF1 & DF2 OF:";h4:
1 "DO YOU WANT TO ALTER ANY MORE y VALUES? (y/n):":
1 "DO YOU WANT TO ALTER ANY MORE x VALUES? (y/n):":
1 "DO YOU WANT TO ALTER ANY y VALUES? (y/n):":
1 "DO YOU WANT TO ALTER ANY x VALUES? (y/n):":
1 "CV(%) of y=";v2:
1 "CV(%) of x=";v1:
1 "Ax=";t1,"Ax*X=";t3,"Ay=";t2,"Ay*y=";t4,"Ax*y=";t5
1 "Are you sure? (y/n):":